Orthopaedics
Basic science resources from the Orthopaedics Hyperguide.
Articular Cartilage Characteristics Hypocellular Avascular Alymphatic Structure and Function Three zones - Chondrocyte density is highest in the superficial zone Superficial or tangential zone Chondrocytes are flattened…
Structure Osteoblasts are never found individually; they form clusters of cells on the bone surface. Osteoblasts are active cells with an eccentric nucleus that is on the opposite side of the bone surface. A prominent…
After reviewing the tutorial, the surgeon should be able to understand the following concepts related to the topic of biomaterials in orthopedic surgery.
The structural strength of bone is related to its mass and distribution of that mass including the bone diameter power relationship with torsional/bending strength. Bone mass is related to axial strength and…
Bone augmentation is an attempt to solve the problem of bone stock deficiency. This deficiency can be the result of trauma, tumor, infection, non-union.
Following review of the material below, the orthopedic surgeon should have an understanding of the normal response of cartilage to injury, and the range of techniques in use or under investigation for the treatment of…
By definition, a compartment syndrome occurs when there is severe swelling in a closed compartment such that the tissue pressure within the compartment rises to a level that impairs the perfusion of both muscle and…
The term biomaterials is generally used to refer to synthetic materials used temporarily or permanently to augment or replace tissues and their functions. However, the most important biomaterials are the body's natural…
Review of this tutorial material should allow the orthopaedic surgeon to have an understanding of the structure and function of the epiphyseal growth plate, its regulation, and the biochemistry of the overall process of…
A new era of orthopedic surgery has been marked by gene therapy, an approach that provides options for treating patients with orthopedic conditions. Orthopedic surgeons must understand the terminology, fundamental…
(Note: In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the erosions are beside the joint, the joint space is narrowed, and osteopenia is present. The clinical presentation of rheumatoid arthritis is the exact opposite of that of…
Hemophilic arthropathy is a process in which patients with clotting disorders have recurrent bleeding into their joints, resulting in joint destruction of the knees, elbows, and ankles. Patients with hemophilias A and B…
Hyperparathyroidism is a condition which is caused by excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The primary etiologies of hyperparathyroidism are, in decreasing order, adenoma, hyperplasia and cancer. Secondary…
Osteoarthritis of the Knee1,2 Randomized trials have shown a significant benefit of corticosteroid injection over placebo at 1 to 3 weeks (in various studies). Using pain as an outcome measure, the benefit is not…
Locking plates are a popular method of internal fixation. Locking plates are most often used as a bridging plate in fractures with bone loss and short articular fragments.
Rickets (youth) and osteomalacia (adult) result from the failure to mineralize epiphyseal cartilage, which increases the hypertrophic zone, and bone, which decreases the mineralization rate and increases unmineralized…
Cortical bone has high volume and low surface area. Trabecular bone has low volume and high surface area.. External modeling occurs when the increase in periosteal diameter and the endosteal diameter is greater than the…
Lytic phase The lytic phase is the initial phase of Paget's disease and is characterized by intense osteoclastic bone resorption. Radiographs show purely lytic involvement of the bone. There is often expansion with…
The mechanical functions of bone are to provide stability and mobility to the musculoskeletal system and protection to the vital organs. The mechanical properties of bone depend on the structure and composition of the…
No matching resources.