Achilles Tendon Ruptures
Ruptures of the Achilles tendon are common, and treatment options have evolved over the past two decades. The treatment of acute Achilles rupture is operative, followed by a carefully prescribed physical therapy program…
Orthopaedics
Foot & ankle
Foot & ankle resources from the Orthopaedics Hyperguide.
18 resourcesAlphabetical A–Z
Acute Navicular Fractures
Avulsion fractures of the dorsal lip of the navicular account for about 50% of navicular fractures. The mechanism of injury is acute foot plantar flexion in which the talonavicular ligament and joint capsule pull off…
Compartment Syndromes of the Foot
The consequences of unrecognized compartment syndrome of the foot can be devastating. A patient with compartment syndrome of the foot has a markedly dysfunctional, painful, and stiff foot, oftentimes associated with…
Correction of Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity
An adult-acquired flatfoot deformity is associated with rupture of the posterior tibial tendon (Slide 1). Occasionally, exacerbation of a preexisting and longstanding flatfoot deformity may be present or a rupture of…
Current Management of Ankle Arthritis
When choosing a treatment method for patients with ankle arthritis, physicians must obtain a thorough knowledge of patients' activity level, interests, athletic activities, occupation, and physical needs. These factors…
Diagnosis and Treatment of Individual Neuromas
A neuroma of the foot, often referred to as a Morton's neuroma, is a condition that is more commonly found in women than in men and in patients with mild hypermobile pes planus. Patients with increased stress on the…
Hallux Rigidus Evaluation and Treatment
Hallux rigidus is a common clinical condition associated with pain in the hallux metatarsophalangeal (MP) joint and limited range of motion, particularly dorsiflexion.
Hallux Valgus
For mild deformity, (i.e., HV with an intermetatarsal angle of equal to or less than 13 degrees and HV angle less than 30°), a distal metatarsal osteotomy with or without a distal lateral soft tissue release may be…
Hallux Varus
Either a fusion or resection arthroplasty should be performed in patients who have arthritis at the MP joint. If a patient has a fixed deformity of the hallux IP joint, then the only possible correction of the IP joint…
Lateral Talar Process Fractures
The lateral talar process is a wedged-shaped prominence that compromises the most lateral aspect of the talar body. Superiorly, it articulates with the talofibular joint, and inferiorly, with the posterior talocalcaneal…
Management of Calcaneus Fractures
Calcaneus fractures are often caused by high-energy injuries, such as falls from heights and motor vehicle accidents. When a patient presents with a calcaneus fracture, a thorough patient history and examination must be…
Marjolin's Ulcer
A 59-year-old woman with a 36-year history of leprosy was referred to the clinic by the community physician because of a spreading ulcer on the right foot that failed to heal despite medical treatment (Slide 1, Slide 2,…
Supramalleolar Osteotomy: Indications and Technique
Supramalleolar osteotomy is traditionally used to correct distal tibial deformity secondary to injury, growth disturbances after physeal injury, and paralytic conditions, primarily in children. Recently, however, distal…
Surgical Correction of the Cavus Foot
The evaluation of a patient with a cavus or cavovarus foot begins with reviewing the patient’s history. Frequently, patients are unaware of a cavus foot and may present for a manifestation of a hereditary sensory motor…
Surgical Treatment of Ankle Instability
The answers to these questions will help a surgeon determine the best operative approach. Surgeons should never sacrifice a part of or the entire peroneal tendon in athletes (i.e., gymnasts and ballet dancers) who use…
Tarsometatarsal Injury: Diagnosis and Treatment
Major fractures and dislocations of the tarsometatarsal joint are easy to diagnose, but minor sprains, particularly those associated with athletic and low-energy injuries, are often misdiagnosed. The mechanism of the…
Total Ankle Replacement
Degenerative arthritis of the ankle joint, whether idiopathic, traumatic, or from a systemic process, presents a significant orthopedic problem. One of the most important clinical issues today is surgical…
Treatment of Hallux Valgus
The treatment of hallux valgus is determined by specific principles that include the age and activity level of a patient, the extent of the deformity, the presence of arthritis in the hallux metatarsal phalangeal joint,…
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