Hyperguides

Orthopaedics

Tumours

Tumours resources from the Orthopaedics Hyperguide.

28 resourcesAlphabetical A–Z
Tumours · Article

Adamantinoma

Frank J. Frassica, MD Franklin H. Sim, MD

Adamantinoma is a rare tumor that has a predilection for the tibia. This lesion occurs primarily in young people (age 15 to 35 years) and affects males and females almost equally. In the Mayo Clinic Series, the most…

Tumours · Article

Chordoma

Frank J. Frassica, MD Franklin H. Sim, MD

Sacrococcygeal chordoma is a rare neoplasm that arises from notochordal rests. The notochordal remnants are present in the midline of the spinal column so the malignant neoplasm is always based in the center of the…

Tumours · Article

Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma

Frank J. Frassica, MD Franklin H. Sim, MD

Clear cell chondrosarcomas are very rare. They are characterized by swollen, glycogene-rich clear cells, occurring usually in the femur, tibia, vertebrae, or pubis of adults. It is a slow-growing. Only after multiple…

Tumours · Article

Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma

Frank J. Frassica, MD Franklin H. Sim, MD

Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is a distinct type of chondrosarcoma that has a characteristic bimorphic histologic appearance. They are very high-grade malignant tumors with an unfavorable prognosis. Dedifferentiated…

Tumours · Article

Enchondroma

Frank J. Frassica, MD Franklin H. Sim, MD

Chondromas are benign hyaline cartilage tumors. When a chondroma is within the medullary cavity, the lesion is called an enchondroma. If a chondroma occurs on the surface of the bone, it is called a periosteal…

Tumours · Article

Enchondroma

Frank J. Frassica, MD Franklin H. Sim, MD

Chondromas are benign hyaline cartilage tumors. (Slide 1) When a chondroma is within the medullary cavity, the lesion is called an enchondroma. If a chondroma occurs on the surface of the bone, it is called a periosteal…

Tumours · Article

Ewing Tumor

Frank J. Frassica, MD Franklin H. Sim, MD · Dahlin’s Bone Tumors: General Aspects and Data on 11,087 Cases

Ewing tumor is a primitive, small blue cell tumor that most commonly affects young patients. The exact cell of origin is not known. James Ewing believed that the tumor arose from endothelium within the osseous system.…

Tumours · Article

Fibrosarcoma

Frank J. Frassica, MD Franklin H. Sim, MD

Malignant fibrous lesions of bone are much less common than other malignant bone tumors, such as osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. There are three malignant fibrous lesions of bone:

Tumours · Article

Fibrous Cortical Defects

Frank J. Frassica, MD Franklin H. Sim, MD

Fibrous cortical defects and nonossifying fibromas are common lesions in children. These lesions are usually asymptomatic and discovered as incidental findings. Some studies have shown an incidence rate as high as…

Tumours · Article

General Features of Soft Tissue Tumors

Frank J. Frassica, MD Franklin H. Sim, MD

There are two main types of biopsy: needle and open. Needle biopsy is performed with either a fine needle or a core biopsy needle. The goal of fine needle aspiration is to obtain enough cells to allow a diagnosis. The…

Tumours · Article

Giant Cell Tumor

Frank J. Frassica, MD Franklin H. Sim, MD

Giant cell tumor (GCT) is a common benign tumor of poorly differentiated mononuclear cells. The cell of origin of this tumor is unknown. There can be confusion over the histologic picture of this tumor, as both benign…

Tumours · Article

High-Grade Intramedullary Osteosarcoma

Frank J. Frassica, MD Franklin H. Sim, MD

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant mesenchymal bone tumor. Metastatic bone disease, myeloma of bone, and lymphoma are more common, but they are not mesenchymal bone tumors. There are many different types…

Tumours · Article

Low-grade intramedullary chondrosarcoma

Frank J. Frassica, MD, Franklin H. Sim, MD

Chondrosarcomas are slow growing tumors and patients may note a long duration of symptoms (even up to years). The pain of a low grade chondrosarcoma is usually a dull ache which has less intensity than a patient with…

Tumours · Article

Lymphoma

Frank J. Frassica, MD Franklin H. Sim, MD

Lymphoma of bone is a common malignancy that may affect people of all ages - young children, adolescents, young and old adults. The presentation of lymphoma may be insidious and nonspecific. The radiographic changes in…

Tumours · Article

Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma

Frank J. Frassica, MD Franklin H. Sim, MD

Malignant fibrous lesions of bone are much less common than other malignant bone tumors, such as osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. There are three malignant fibrous lesions of bone:

Tumours · Article

Malignant Soft Tissue Tumors

Frank J. Frassica, MD Franklin H. Sim, MD

Weiss SW, Goldblum JR. Malignant fibrohistiocytic tumors. In: Enzinger & Weiss’s Soft Tissue Tumors. 4th ed. Chicago, Ill: Mosby; 2001:535-570.

Tumours · Article

Metastatic Bone Disease

Frank J. Frassica, MD Franklin H. Sim, MD

Metastatic bone disease is a common problem that virtually every physician must be aware. When a patient between the ages of 40 and 85 years presents with bone pain without an etiology, one must have metastatic bone…

Tumours · Article

Myeloma

Frank J. Frassica, MD · Franklin H. Sim, MD

Myeloma of bone is the most common primary malignant bone tumor. Plasma cells are normally present in inflammatory conditions. Plasma cells normally function by producing antibodies after having been stimulated by a…

Tumours · Article

Ollier Disease and Maffucci Syndrome

Frank J. Frassica, MD · Franklin H. Sim, MD

Other benign cartilage tumors, besides those mentioned in this section, are Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome.

Tumours · Article

Osteoblastoma

Frank J. Frassica, MD Franklin H. Sim, MD

Unlike osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma does not have a limited growth potential. In the past osteoblastoma was called "giant osteoid osteoma." In contrast to osteoid osteoma which is very common, osteoblastoma is…

Tumours · Article

Osteochondroma

Frank J. Frassica, MD Franklin H. Sim, MD

Osteochondromas are benign cartilage tumors that arise from the surface of either a flat or long bone. Ostochondromas and enchondromas are the most common of all bone tumors. The tumor arises from aberrant foci of…

Tumours · Article

Osteoid Osteoma

Frank J. Frassica, MD Franklin H. Sim, MD

Osteoid osteoma is a distinctive small neoplasm that has a self-limited growth pattern. The tumor itself is a small nidus of osteoblasts and osteoid that are arranged in a haphazard fashion.

Tumours · Article

Paget Disease

Joseph M. Lane, MD Thomas A. Einhorn, MD Frederick Kaplan, MD

Paget disease of bone was defined in 1876 as a localized disorder of bone remodeling of unknown etiology. It is characterized by increased osteoclastic bone resorption and compensatory increased bone formation resulting…

Tumours · Article

Parosteal Osteosarcoma

Frank J. Frassica, MD, Franklin H. Sim, MD

There are three different types of osteosarcoma that may occur on the surface of a bone rather then in the intramedullary cavity. The three tumors each have different names and clinical features:

Tumours · Article

Periosteal Osteosarcoma

Frank J. Frassica, MD Franklin H. Sim, MD

There are three different types of osteosarcoma that may occur on the surface of a bone rather then in the intramedullary cavity. The three tumors each have different names and clinical features:

Tumours · Article

Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis

Frank J. Frassica, MD

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a reactive lesion that is a proliferation of the synovial lining of a joint. The synovial membrane hypertrophies and patients present with recurrent atraumatic effusions. The…

Tumours · Article

Synovial Chondromatosis

Frank J. Frassica, MD

Synovial chondromatosis results when metaplasia of the subsynovial fibroblasts produces nodules of cartilage in the synovial membrane.